A standard Japanese graduation song, as well as a song that announces the end of business hours in Japan.
(日本の定番の卒業ソングであり、また営業時間の終了を告げる曲。)
Hotaru no Hikari(蛍の光)
Inagaki, Chikai
稲垣 千穎
One
一
With the light of fireflies or the snow by the window reflected moonlight, I spent my time reading.
蛍の光、窓の雪 書読む月日、重ねつつ
The years flew by, and this morning, I’ll open the frugal door and leave.
いつしか年も、すぎの戸を あけてぞ今朝は、別れゆく
Two
二
Since it’s only for today for both who staying and who leaving, there are so many thoughts each other,
止まるも行くも、限りとて 互に思う、千万の
but I’ll just sing a word from the end of my heart, “Be safe”.
心の端を、一言に 幸くと許り、歌うなり
(Translation: Narai, Hajime)
(翻訳:楢井 肇)
References(参考)
Hotaru no Hikari (1881)
蛍の光
Lyrics: Inagaki, Chikai (1845-1913)
作詞:稲垣 千穎
First publication: “Jinjō Elementary School Song, Elementary school songbook – first edition” Nov. 1881
初出:『尋常小学校唱歌 小学唱歌集 初編』 明治14年11月
Sourcebook: “Beautiful Japanese songs”
底本:『美しき日本のうた』
2010年 のばら社
Features(特色)
Familiarity degree | 🗾🗾🗾🗾🗾5.0 | very famous |
Shintoism color | 0.0 | N/A |
Buddhism color | 0.0 | N/A |
Archaic expressions | 🖌🖌🖌🖌4.0 | 書、ぞ、限りとて、互に、千万の、幸く、許り、歌う |
Poetic expressions | 🖋🖋🖋🖋🖋5.0 | written in seven-five syllable verses for quadruple time |
Notes(備考)
The origin of the beginning of the lyrics, “Hotaru no Hikari Mado no Yuki” comes from the Chinese story “Keisetsu-no-kou“.
歌詞の冒頭「蛍の光 窓の雪」の由来は、中国の故事『蛍雪之功』です。
Most people in Japan know the lyrics of No. 1 and No. 2, but many Japanese born after World War II do not know the existence of No. 3 and No. 4. (I didn’t even know.)
一番と二番の歌詞については、日本人の殆どが知っていますが、第二次大戦以後に生まれた日本人の多くは、三番と四番の存在を知りません。(私も知りませんでした。)
Frankly, the lyrics of No. 3 and No. 4 are completely different songs.
三番と四番の歌詞は、はっきり言って、全く別の歌です。
Three
三
Although the edge of Kyūshū and Tōhoku are far apart by the sea and mountains,
筑紫の極み、陸の奥 海山遠く、隔つとも
its faith doesn’t be separated. Be dedicated exclusively for the sake of the country.
その真心は、隔て無く 偏に尽くせ、国の為
Four
四
Both the inner part of Kuril and Okinawa are part of Japan and must be protected.
千島の奥も、沖縄も 八洲の内の、護りなり
My brother, strive bravely and safely throughout the country.
至らん国に、勲しく 努めよ我が背、恙無く
Personal Impressions(私感)
The lyrics No.3 and No.4 make the impression of the whole poem different considerably, isn’t it?
三番、四番があると、詩全体の印象もかなり変わってきますよね。
It can be seen that Japan in the early Meiji era (Empire of Japan) was trying hard to protect its territory by including its principle in the lyrics of this song.
明治初期の日本(大日本帝国)が、この唱歌の歌詞にその主張を込めて、懸命に領土を守ろうとしていたことが伺えます。
Digressions(余談)
Furthermore, it seems that the lyrics of No. 4 had changed at least four times by the former Ministry of Education due to the definition, exchange, expansion, and reduction of Japanese territory.
更に、日本の領土の確定、交換、拡大・縮小などにより、四番の歌詞は旧文部省の手によって少なくとも四度、手が加えらたようです。
The bold part shown by the ♪ mark below is the modified part.
下記、♪マークで示した、太字部分が改変箇所です。
Original Draft(当初案)
18xx- Draft of Hotaru no Hikari was submitted to the former Ministry of Education
明治?年-蛍の光の草案が旧文部省へ提出される
♪Both the inner part of Kuril and Okinawa are the outer parts of Japan and must be protected.
♪千島の奥も 沖縄も 八洲の外の 守りなり
Publication(発表)
1872- Established Ryukyu Domain = The destruction of the Ryukyu Kingdom
明治5年-琉球藩設置=琉球王国の滅亡
1875- The Kuril Islands officially become Japanese territory under the Sakhalin-Kuril Islands Exchange Treaty
明治8年-樺太・千島交換条約により、千島列島が正式に日本領になる
1879- Established in Okinawa prefecture
明治12年-沖縄県設置
1881- “Hotaru no Hikari” was published
明治14年-『蛍の光』発表
♪Both the inner part of Kuril and Okinawa are part of Japan and must be protected.
♪千島の奥も 沖縄も 八洲の内の 守りなり
Modification(改変)
1895- Won the First Sino-Japanese War
明治28年-日清戦争に戦勝
♪Both the inner part of Kuril and Taiwan are part of Japan and must be protected.
♪千島の奥も 台湾も 八洲の内の 守りなり
Modification(改変)
1905- Won the Russo-Japanese War
明治38年-日露戦争に戦勝
♪Both the edge of Taiwan and Sahalin are part of Japan and must be protected.
♪台湾の果ても 樺太も 八洲の内の 守りなり
Elimination of the lyrics No.3 & No.4(削除 三番と四番)
1945.4- U.S. military occupied Okinawa
昭和20年4月-米軍が沖縄を占領
1945.8- Lost in the Second Sino-Japanese War and Pacific War
昭和20年8月-日中戦争・太平洋戦争に敗戦
1945.8- Soviet troops occupied four of the Kuril Islands
昭和20年8月-ソ連軍が千島列島の北方四島を占領
♪-Eliminated the lyrics No.3 & No.4–
♪-三番と四番を削除–
1972.5- Okinawa returns from the United States to Japan under the Okinawa Reversion Agreement
昭和47年5月-沖縄返還協定により沖縄は米国から日本へ返還